Appendix II General and Systematic Reviews on CAM Magnetic Therapy
for Pain Published From August 1999 to August 2003
Static Magnetic Therapy
Authors: Ratterman et al., 20021
Type: General review
Description: Summarized 9 clinical trials on static magnetic therapy
for treating postpolio pain, diabetic peripheral neuropathy,
neck pain, low-back pain, fibromyalgia, postsurgical pain, and headache.
Findings: The authors stated that static magnets may work for certain
conditions, but there is not adequate scientific support to justify their
use.
Electromagnetic Therapy
Authors: Hulme et al., 200319
Type: Systematic review
Description: Looked at 3 RCTs that compared pulsed electromagnets
(2 RCTs) or direct electric stimulation (1 RCT) with placebo in treating
osteoarthritis. Both trials of pulsed electromagnets studied osteoarthritis
of the knee; one of these studied osteoarthritis of the neck as well.
The primary measure of effectiveness was pain relief.
Findings: The review found the RCTs to show that pulsed electromagnets
had a small-to-moderate effect on knee pain, and a much smaller effect
on neck pain. They concluded that "the current limited evidence does not
show a clinically important benefit" of pulsed electromagnets for treating
osteoarthritis of the knee or neck. They also identified a need for larger
trials to see whether clinically important benefits exist.
Authors: Huntley and Ernst, 200020
Type: Systematic review
Description: Reviewed 12 RCTs for 7 CAM modalities for pain and
other symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Included one RCT of rMS
(38 patients) and one RCT of pulsed electromagnets (30 patients).
Other modalities examined were nutritional therapy, massage, Feldenkrais
bodywork, reflexology, neural therapy, and psychological counseling.
Findings: Both magnet studies reviewed found short-term benefits
in relieving painful muscle spasms and other symptoms, and in improving
activity levels. Authors called for "rigorous research" on CAM for multiple
sclerosis patients.
Authors: Pridmore and Oberoi, 200014
Type: General review
Description: Discussed an array of basic and clinical research
on TMS, focusing on its effect on the central nervous system
(CNS) and on its potential effectiveness in relieving chronic pain.
Findings: Authors concluded, "Evidence indicates that TMS can produce
plastic changes in the CNS, which are observable at
both the cellular and psychological levels." Citing a lack of comprehensive
studies, they proposed that "studies are justified to determine whether
TMS can provide short-term or long-term relief in chronic pain."
Electromagnetic and Static Magnetic
Therapies
Author: Swenson, 200321
Type: General review
Description: Searched for studies on various treatments for nonspecific
neck pain.
Findings: Found no studies on magnets for neck pain, despite the
popular interest in magnetic therapy, and "several very limited reports"
from use for other pain. The author stated that rigorous studies are "desperately
needed," especially those that could effectively double-blind patients
and practitioners to treatment.
Authors: Vallbona and Richards, 19999
Type: General review
Description: Pulsed Electromagnets--Commented on 32 RCTs
of pulsed electromagnets for conditions such as neck/shoulder pain,
bone and joint diseases, neurologic disorders, sleep disorders, wounds
and ulcers, postoperative bowel obstruction, and perineal trauma from
childbirth. Pain is a key symptom of many of the conditions examined,
and pain intensity was a clinical outcome measure in many of the studies.
Static Magnets--Discussed two RCTs: one for neck and shoulder pain
and one for postpolio pain.
Findings: Pulsed Electromagnets--Authors found that 26 of
32 RCTs of pulsed ET showed it to be an effective
treatment for the conditions studied. Pain was decreased in disorders
including neck pain, osteoarthritis, and leg ulcers. Static Magnets--An
RCT of static magnets for neck and shoulder pain did not find any significant
pain relief in subjects using magnets. An RCT of static magnets for postpolio
pain yielded data that "suggest significant pain relief realized by patients
who were exposed to active magnets." Vallbona and Richards noted that
many studies of static magnets rely on anecdotal evidence
or small study sizes, are sponsored by magnet manufacturers, and/or are
not published in peer-reviewed journals. |